Digital video recording system and its recording medium

ABSTRACT

In a DVD recording/playback system, a set top box STB receives an MPEG transport stream constituted by a plurality of transport packets, and a formatter extracts support information indicating if management information included in the transport packets includes predetermined items. A disc drive that records data on a recording medium having a management area and data area records the support information in the management area.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Divisional of and is based upon and claims thebenefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §120 for U.S. Ser. No. 11/829,562,filed Jul. 27, 2007, which is a divisional of U.S. Pat. No. 7,346,266,filed Sep. 3, 2002, which is a Continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 09/805,876,filed Mar. 15, 2001 (now abandoned), which is a Divisional of U.S. Pat.No. 7,076,153, issued Jul. 11, 2006, and claims the benefit of priorityunder 35 U.S.C. §119 from Japanese Patent Application No. 11-007842,filed on Jan. 14, 1999. The entire contents of each of which areincorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an improvement in a system forrecording a digital video datastream and, more particularly, to a systemcapable of efficiently recording an MPEG transport stream to bedigitally broadcasted. The present invention further relates to a systemfor recording support information of an MPEG transport stream in amanagement area.

In recent years, TV broadcast has entered an era of digital broadcastand, hence, the necessity of a streamer (an apparatus for saving digitaldata intact) for digital TV broadcast has come forth.

Digital TV broadcast currently uses an MPEG transport stream, which willprobably become a standard in the field of digital broadcast of movingpictures in the near future.

As a streamer for recording digital broadcast data, for example, D-VHS(digital VHS) is available.

Digital TV broadcast data is broadcasted from a broadcast station via acommunication satellite. The broadcasted digital data is received by aSet Top Box (to be abbreviated as an STB hereinafter as needed) set ineach home, and is displayed on a TV monitor. This STB decrypts and playsback encrypted digital data on the basis of a key code distributed fromthe broadcast station.

Data is encrypted to prevent a user who does not have any contract withthe broadcast station from illicitly receiving and viewing that data.

When the received data is directly played back, it is decrypted by theSTB. The decrypted data is decoded by an MPEG decoder, and the decodeddata is converted into a TV signal by a video encoder to be displayed ona TV monitor.

When broadcast data is recorded, digital data received by a tuner isrecorded by a D-VHS recorder via an IEEE1394 digital interface.

Note that IEEE1394 specifies standard interface specifications, thatimplement command and data exchanges.

When recorded broadcast data is played back, the recorded data is readfrom the D-VHS recorder, and is sent to a data expansion unit in theSTB, thus playing back the recorded data.

Digital data recorded by the D-VHS recorder normally has the followingstructure.

That is, digital data to be recorded is recorded as main data in a syncblock in a main data area, while six tracks are handled as one ECCblock. In this case, a header is appended to a transport stream (TS)packet upon recording.

In such D-VHS streamer, the broadcasted bitstream is directly recordedon tape. For this reason, a plurality of multiplexed programs arerecorded on the tape.

Hence, all data are output from the tape upon playback irrespective ofthe playback start position. The STB selects only a desired program fromthe output data and plays it back.

Such system suffers very poor random-access performance, since a tapemedium is used to record. For this reason, even when the user wants toquickly reach a desired position of a given program to play it back,such random access is impossible to attain.

On the other hand, even in large-capacity disc media such as DVD-RAMSand the like, recording of a streamer suffers certain problems. Torealize random access, special playback, and the like, such DVD systeminevitably requires to record management data together with broadcastdata.

Also, in such DVD system, data must be managed or formatted inaccordance with the DVD video format.

However, since the DVD video format does not assume satellite broadcast,it cannot often support special playback or the like.

Japanese Patent Application No. JP10-040876 has proposed the format thatassumes a home recorder/player. However, even in this format, digitalbroadcast is not taken into consideration.

As mentioned above, in a digital TV broadcast compatible streamersystem, TS stream data cannot be efficiently managed in a streamer thatuses a DVD-RAM capable of random access, i.e., a read/write (R/W) disc.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide a system that canefficiently record a transport packet in a streamer which uses media(DVD-RAM and the like) capable of random access.

It is another object of the present invention to add a streamer functionto the DVD video format.

It is still another object of the present invention to efficientlymanage digital TV broadcast data by proposing a novel format thatassumes digital TV broadcast.

To achieve the object, the present invention uses information medium(including a signal or radio wave) which comprises an data object(VOB/SOB) formed of one or more data object units (VOBU/SOBU) each ofwhich serves as a prescribed data unit; control information (VOBUI/SOBI)of the data object (VOB/SOB); access unit data (AUD) used for accessingan access unit (I-picture, etc.) which is a part of contents of the dataobject (VOB/SOB), the access unit data (AUD) being contained in thecontrol information (VOBUI/SOBI); and a bitstream being formed of aseries of packets, the bitstream including contents of the data object(VOB/SOB) and contents of the control information (VOBUI/SOBI).

Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth inthe description which follows, and in part will be obvious from thedescription, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectsand advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means ofthe instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed outhereinafter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute apart of the specification, illustrate presently preferred embodiments ofthe invention, and together with the general description given above andthe detailed description of the preferred embodiments given below, serveto explain the principles of the invention.

FIG. 1 illustrates explanatory views showing the format of an MPEG TSstream;

FIG. 2 illustrates explanatory views showing the format of an object setwhich is recorded/played back by a DVD recording/playback systemaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 3 illustrates explanatory views showing the format structure of aTS pack shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 illustrates explanatory views showing the structure of a VOBUwhich is optimal to the pack structure shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 illustrates explanatory views showing the structure according toa modification of the TS pack shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 illustrates explanatory views showing an example of the format ofmanagement information which is used to manage a video object set (FIG.2) as an object to be played back;

FIG. 7 illustrates explanatory views showing the description contents ofPGCI shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 shows a table including the description contents of CPBI shown inFIG. 6;

FIG. 9 illustrates explanatory views showing another example of theformat of management information which is used to manage a video object(FIG. 2) as an object to be played back;

FIG. 10 shows a table including the description contents of VOBUI shownin FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 illustrates explanatory views showing an example of the formatstructure of a VOBU or cell shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 12 illustrates explanatory views showing an example of the formatstructure of a cell or PGC shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 13 illustrates views for explaining an edit process using the cellformat structure shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing the overall arrangement of a DVDrecording/playback system according to an embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 15 is a flow chart for explaining a recording process in the formatstructure shown in FIG. 9;

FIG. 16 is a flow chart for explaining a recording process in the formatstructure shown in FIG. 9;

FIG. 17 is a flow chart for explaining a playback process in the formatstructure shown in FIG. 9;

FIG. 18 is a flow chart for explaining a playback process in the formatstructure shown in FIG. 9;

FIG. 19 is a flow chart for explaining an FF process in the formatstructure shown in FIG. 9;

FIG. 20 is a flow chart for explaining an FF process in the formatstructure shown in FIG. 9;

FIG. 21 is a flow chart for explaining an FF process in the formatstructure shown in FIG. 9;

FIG. 22 is a flow chart for explaining an interrupt process in the flowcharts shown in FIGS. 20 and 21;

FIG. 23 is a flow chart for explaining a PAT process in the formatstructure shown in FIG. 20;

FIG. 24 shows a data structure of the stream data (corresponding to theMPEG2 transport stream of FIG. 1);

FIG. 25 shows the internal structure of the stream block header as shownin FIG. 24;

FIG. 26 shows an internal structure of the sector data header shown inFIG. 24;

FIG. 27 describes constraints on MPEG specifications for SOB;

FIG. 28 shows the structure of navigation data (corresponding to controlinformation 25 in FIG. 9) contained in DVD streamer information (STRI);

FIG. 29 shows the structure of Stream File Information SFIT shown inFIG. 28;

FIG. 30 shows the structure of Stream File Information SFI shown in FIG.29;

FIG. 31 shows the contents of Stream File General Information SF_GIshown in FIG. 30;

FIG. 32 shows the structure of Stream Object Information (SOBI#) shownin FIG. 30;

FIG. 33 shows the contents of Stream Object Information GeneralInformation SOBI_GI shown in FIG. 32;

FIG. 34 shows the structure of Access Unit. Data AUD shown in FIG. 32;

FIG. 35 shows the contents of Access Unit General Information AU_GIshown in FIG. 34;

FIG. 36 illustrates an example of correspondence between Access UnitStart Map AUSM (cf. FIGS. 8 and 10) and stream object units SOBUs (cf.FIGS. 2, 4, and 11);

FIG. 37 illustrates an example of correspondence between Access UnitStart Map AUSM (cf. FIGS. 8 and 10) with Access Unit End Map AUEM (cf.FIGS. 8 and 10) and stream object units SOBUs (cf. FIGS. 2, 4, and 11);

FIG. 38 shows the structure of one stream pack (corresponding to TS packshown in FIGS. 2-4);

FIG. 39 shows the structure of stream data area in the stream PES packetshown in FIG. 38; and

FIG. 40 shows the contents of the application header at the start of thestream data area shown in FIG. 39.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A DVD recorder/player and the format of an optical disc on which the DVDrecorder/player can write data according to an embodiment of the presentinvention will be described below with reference to the accompanyingdrawings.

The terminology of the format will be briefly explained first. Data issaved on an optical disc in a normal file format. A title corresponds toa single movie, and a plurality of titles are stored in a single disc. Agroup of titles is called a title set, which is formed of a plurality offiles. Also, a file called a video manager (to be abbreviated as VMGhereinafter) is stored on a single disc as information for managing thisdisc.

Furthermore, the title set (to be referred to as VTS hereinafter) iscomposed of a management information file of video title set information(to be referred to as VTSI hereinafter), and a backup file of the VTSI.

The video file has a hierarchical structure, and a single file is formedof a plurality of program chains, each of which comprises a plurality ofprograms, each of which comprises a plurality of cells, each of whichcomprises a plurality of video object units (to be referred to as VOBUshereinafter). Each VOBU is formed of a plurality of packs includingvarious kinds of data. Each pack is formed of more than one packets anda pack header. The pack is a minimum unit for a data transfer process.Furthermore, the minimum unit for a logic process is a cell, and thelogic process is done in units of cells.

A transport (TS) stream will be explained below. In general, in a methodof broadcasting compressed moving pictures (e.g., digital TV broadcast,cable broadcast such as the Internet, and the like), a TS stream as acommon basic format is specified to comply with the MPEG2specifications.

The TS stream is composed of a large number of TS packets 38, as shownby (a) in FIG. 1. Each TS packet 38 has a structure shown by (b) to (d)in FIG. 1 and is formed of packet management data field 41 and payload42, as shown by (b) in FIG. 1. Payload 42 stores encrypted data to beplayed back.

Data to be played back stored in payload 42 includes MPEG video data,Dolby AC3 audio data, MPEG audio data, and the like. On the other hand,information other than the data to be directly played back includes aprogram association table (PAT), a program map table (PMT), and the likewhich are required upon playing back data, and also electronic programguide (EPG) information.

The PAT includes packet identification information (PID) of PMTs inunits of programs, and each PMT records the PID of video data, audiodata, or the like.

With this format, as a normal playback procedure of an STB, when theuser determines a program based on EPG information, a PAT is loaded atthe start time of the determined piogram, and the PID of a PMT of thedetermined program on the basis of the PAT. The desired PMT is read outbased on the determined PID, the PIDs of video and audio packetsincluded in the PMT are determined, and the video and audio data areextracted and played back according to the PIDs. Note that the PAT issent at intervals of several 100 ms since it is also used in the courseof playback.

When such TS stream data are recorded on a disc medium such as a DVD-RW(read/write) or the like, these data are preferably recorded as digitaldata. However, since the current maximum bit rate of a DVD-RAM is 10.08Mbps, satellite broadcast data (20 Mbps or more) itself in which allchannels are multiplexed cannot be recorded. For this reason, when suchdata are recorded, one program must be selected and recorded.

When certain data are recorded on a disc medium, other data for managingrecorded data are required to meet user needs (e.g., to start playbackfrom a desired time of a desired program, to fast forward, and thelike). However, since the data itself to be played back is encrypted, itis hard to generate management data for the data itself to be playedback.

For this reason, management data is preferably generated using data in apacket header as control data in a TS stream packet, or data in a PAT orPMT packet as PSI (program specific information) data of a TS stream.

Note that such packet header contents may often include informationwhich is not supported depending on the types of satellite broadcast,and may often use neither a PAT nor PMT. Hence, management data cannotoften be generated in units of satellite broadcast services by theaforementioned method, and data cannot be recorded.

To solve this problem, upon recording, information of a packet headerused by satellite broadcast, and information indicating thepresence/absence of a PAT or PMT are saved in management information,and management data is generated in accordance with supportedinformation. To provide only available services upon playback, servicecontents are preferably changed in accordance with that supportinformation.

As a method of detecting support information, the following two methodscan be used.

In the first method, support information is received from the STB. TheSTB varies in units of satellite broadcast services to be received, andis a dedicated apparatus. For this reason, the STB should recognizeinformation pertaining to support in advance (upon delivery of STB).Hence, that support information is loaded from the STB at the beginningof recording.

In the second method, each data to be used is checked upon receiving TSstream data from the STB, and if that data is active, it is determinedthat the information is supported, and the support information isstored. At the same time, management data is generated based on thesupported information, and the accumulated support information isrecorded in a management area of an optical disc as management data.

The format that includes support information in management data will beexplained below. The first example will explain management data thatmanages data complying with the DVD video format for which the formatspecifications have already been standardized.

Current DVD video format does not assume satellite broadcast or thelike. Hence, when satellite broadcast data is recorded and the recordeddata is played back in special modes, some special modes can not besupported in the status. Hence, to propose recording/playbackspecifications that comply with current DVD video, the following formatis optimal.

In current DVD video, video object set (VOBS) 30 as an object to beplayed back has a structure shown by (a) to (d) in FIG. 2.

More specifically, VOBS 30 shown by (a) in FIG. 2 is defined as one or aset of a large number of video objects (VOBs) 31, as shown by (b) inFIG. 2, and each VOB 31 is defined as one or a set of a large number ofcells 32, as shown by (c) in FIG. 2. Furthermore, cell 32 is defined asone or a set of a large number of video object units (VOBUs) 33, asshown by (d) in FIG. 2. VOBU 33 is formed of one or a large number of TSpacks 34, as shown by (e) in FIG. 2.

In a streamer, streamer objects (SOBs) are defined as thosecorresponding to the VOBs, and streamer object units (SOBUs) are definedas those corresponding to the VOBUs.

In the following, descriptions pertaining to the VOB and VOBU may beinterpreted by replacing them by the SOB and SOBU, respectively, asneeded.

As for the structure of VOBU 33, two different format schemes can beproposed.

In the first scheme, one VOBU 33 is composed of one or more TS packs 34that record transport streams (TS streams). One TS pack 34 shown by (a)in FIG. 3 is formed of pack header 35, packet header 36, substream ID37, and transport packets (TS packets) 38, as shown by (b) in FIG. 3.The size per TS pack 34 is determined to be 2,048 bytes, and if the packis smaller than 2,048 bytes, padding packet 39 is inserted to adjust thesize.

Each TS pack 34 is formed of 10 TS packets 38, and packet header 36includes a stream ID that describes 0xbd indicating a private stream inMPEG2. Also, a substream ID that specifies that data in a packet is atransport stream describes 0xf0.

Incidentally, a timestamp (ATS) may be placed at the leading portion ofeach of the TS packets, as shown by (b) in FIG. 3.

As shown by (c) in FIG. 3, the second scheme has a packet structure inwhich 2-byte packet access pointer 40 is inserted after substream ID 37in the packet structure of (b) in FIG. 3. The packet access pointer 40indicates the start address of head packet 38 in pack 34.

For example, in (c) of FIG. 3, since head packet 38 in pack 34 isinserted immediately after packet access pointer 40, its relativeaddress is zero. In pack 34 shown by (c) of FIG. 3, since last packet 39has only 142 bytes while each of other packets has 188 bytes, remaining46 bytes are stored in next pack 34 shown by (d) of FIG. 3.

In pack 34 shown by (d) of FIG. 3, since the remaining 46 bytes areinserted immediately after packet access pointer 40, last packet 39 islocated after the remaining 46 bytes. Hence, “0x2e” indicating theaddress of last packet 39 is described in packet access pointer 40 ofnext pack 34.

With this packet access pointer 40, a field that must store padding dataand cannot be used can be used as a storage field of packet data. Atthis time, if the packet access pointer is 0xffff, it indicates that thehead packet is not present within a pack.

In this case, the head packet must be aligned after packet accesspointer 40, as shown in the example of (c) in FIG. 3. With thisstructure, packets can be managed in units of VOBUs, and a packet whichhas a size that cannot fall within one pack can be coped with.

Portions of a transport stream packet (TS packet) shown by (c) and (d)in FIG. 3 correspond to the following case.

That is, when one packet is recorded across two sectors upon recording aTS packet, data pieces recorded in the first and second sectors,respectively, correspond to portions of the TS packet.

With this format, when one packet is recorded across two sectors, nopadding data need be inserted, thus increasing the recording density.

In this case, a packet header can record position information indicating“the number of bytes from a reference position to the first TS startposition of each sector”. As the reference position, for example, theposition of a packet header, the head position of a TS packet, the endposition of a TS packet, or the adjacent boundary position of successiveadjacent TS packets, may be used.

When the head position of a TS packet is used as the reference position,packet access pointer=0 in (c) of FIG. 3 can be used as the positioninformation. When the end position of a TS packet (or the adjacentboundary position) is used as the reference position, packet accesspointer=0x2e in (d) of FIG. 3 can be used as the position information.

An example of the second scheme that has already been explained will bedescribed in more detail below with reference to FIG. 4. VOBU (or SOBU)33 shown by (a) in FIG. 4 is formed of an integer number of TS packs 34,and head TS pack 34 in VOBU (SOBU) 33 has the structure shown by (c) inFIG. 4.

More specifically, the head portion of TS packet 38 is always alignedafter packet access pointer 40 in TS pack 34, and packet access pointer40 stores zero relative address. Hence, when VOBU (SOBU) 33 is accessedto extract that packet, the head of that packet matches that of TSpacket 38, and TS packet 38 can be extracted and immediatelytransferred. TS packets 38 are arranged after head TS pack 34 in VOBU(SOBU) 33, and the remaining portion of TS packet 38 that cannot bestored in one pack with 2,048 bytes is stored in packet 38 of next TSpack 34, as shown by (c) in FIG. 4.

In this manner, TS packs 34 are arranged in turn in VOBU (SOBU) 33. LastTS pack 34 in that VOBU (SOBU) 33 cannot often store one TS packet 38 atthe end of that pack unlike other TS packs 34, as shown by (c) in FIG.4.

In such case, padding packet 39 can be inserted in that end portion, asneeded. By inserting the padding packet, head TS pack 34 in next VOBU(next SOBU) 33 can have a packet data field starting from head TS packet38.

Note that a method that can cope with the aforementioned case withoutusing any padding packet (one packet is recorded across two sectors uponrecording a TS packet) is also available, and has already beenexplained.

In the example shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, packet access pointer 40designates the address of first TS packet 38 in that pack 34, and TSpacket 38 to be extracted first in that pack 34 can be specified whenpack 34 is designated by packet access pointer 40.

The structure of next TS pack 34 may be specified by a continuous packetflag shown by (a) and (b) in FIG. 5, in place of packet access pointer40.

More specifically, as shown by (a) in FIG. 5, substream ID 37 thatspecifies TS packets is inserted after packet header 36 in TS pack 34,and continuous packet flag 41 is inserted after the substream ID.Continuous packet flag 41 indicates whether or not TS pack 34 thatfollows TS pack 34 including that flag stores a portion of TS packet 39.

That is, if continuous packet flag 41 is 1, a portion of TS packet 39 isstored at the end of that TS pack 34, and the remaining portion of thatTS packet 39 is stored after continuous packet flag 41 in next TS pack34.

If a TS packet 39 is aligned and arranged at the end of TS pack 34 andno portion of that packet remains to be stored in next pack 34, zerocontinuous packet flag 41 is set. This means that if TS packet 39 withzero continuous packet flag 41 is acquired, a smooth playback process isassured by playing back TS packet 39 that follows continuous packet flag41.

The structure of management data in the aforementioned data structurewill be described below.

Management data is recorded in a management area after a lead-in area onthe inner periphery side of an optical disc, and the management areaincludes a table of video title set information (VTSI) or a table ofstreamer control information (STR_VMGI), as shown by (a) in FIG. 6. TheSTR_VMGI is contained in management information (STRI) of a streamer,and the STRI has functions corresponding to those of the VTSI.

As shown by (a) in FIG. 6, this VTSI (STR_VMGI) includes a VTSImanagement table (VTSI_MAT) that describes management informationpertaining to the VTSI (STR_VMGI); a VTS search pointer table(VTS_TT_SRPT) that describes search pointers used to search for a VTS(video title set) or a play list search pointer table (PL_SRPT) thatdescribes search pointers used to search for a play list in a stream; aVTS program chain information table (VTS_PGCIT) that specifies the cellplayback order or a user-defined program chain information table(UD_PGCIT); a VTS menu program chain information unit table(VTSM_PGCI_UT); a VTS time map table (VTS_TMAPT); a VTS menu celladdress table (VTSM_C_ADT); a VTS menu VOBU address map table(VTSM_VOBU_ADMAP); a VTS cell address table (VTS_C_ADT); and a VTS VOBUaddress map table (VTS_VOBU_ADMAP) in this order.

User-defined PGC information (UD_PGCI) in the UD_PGCIT is a sequence ofparts of a program. The play list may be used by a user to freely definethe playback sequence of the parts of programs.

The VTS_PGCIT (UD_PGCIT) contains VTS_PGCIT information (VTS_PGCITI) (orUD_PGCITI); VTS program chain search pointers (VTS_PGC_SRP#n) (orUD_PGC_SRP#n) arranged in the playback order, and VTS program chaininformation (VTS_PGCI#n) (or UD_PGCI#n) designated by each of thesesearch pointers, as shown by (b) in FIG. 6.

As shown by (c) in FIG. 6, the VTS_PGCI#n (or UD_PGCI#n) is made up ofprogram chain (PGC) general information (PGC_GI) or stream cell generalinformation (SC_GI); a PGC program map (PGC_PGMAP) or programinformation (PGI#m); a cell playback information table (C_PBIT) thatdescribes information pertaining to cell playback, or stream cellinformation (SCI#n); and a cell position information table (C_POSIT)that describes cell position information, i.e., address information orstream cell information search pointers (SCI_SRP#n). The C_PBIT (SCI#n)is formed of a number of pieces of cell playback information (C_PBI#j)which are arranged in the cell playback order, or a number of pieces ofstream cell entry point information (SC_EPI#n), as shown by (d) in FIG.6.

The PGC general information (PGC_GI) may have a configuration as shownby (a) in FIG. 7. The PGC_GI describes: PGC contents (PGC_CNT) such asthe number of programs, the number of cells and the like; a PGCtransport time (PGC_TRS_TM) that describes the recording or transporttime of one PGC; support information; the start address (PGC_PGMAP_SA)of a PGC program map (PGC_PGMAP); the start address (C_PBIT_SA) of acell playback information table (C_PBIT); the start address (C_POSIT_SA)of a cell position information table (C_POSIT); and an erasureinhibition flag (ARCHIVE Flag).

In case of SC_GI, a cell type (C_TY1=010b) and a temporary erase (TE)flag are described in place of the ARCHIVE Flag. This SC_GI may furtherincludes:

-   -   SC_EPI_Ns which describes the number of Entry Point Information        contained in the SCI;    -   SOB_N which describes the number of SOBs to which the cell        refers;    -   SC_S_APAT which describes the Start Application Packet Arrival        Time (Start APAT) of the cell in DVD Stream Recording's PAT        Describing Format;    -   SC_E_APAT which describes the End Application Packet Arrival        Time (End APAT) of the cell in DVD Stream Recording's PAT        Describing Format (The End APAT is the APAT of the last        Application Packet which belongs to the cell.);    -   ERA_S_APAT which describes, for a “Temporarily Erased” cell        containing at least one SOBU border (the “TE” field of its C_TY        is “10b”), the APAT of the first Application Packet of the first        SOBU, the beginning of which is contained in the TE cell;    -   ERA_E_APAT which describes, for a “Temporarily Erased” cell        containing at least one SOBU border (the “TE” field of its C_TY        is “10b”), the APAT of the first Application Packet of that SOBU        which contains the Application Packet immediately following the        TE cell.

As the flow of signals upon recording, TS packet data received by theSTB are packed and recorded by a formatter unit. At this time, thepresence/absence of each information is detected and is saved in a workRAM. The saved information is recorded as management information uponcompletion of recording.

In the support information, as shown by (b) in FIG. 7, bit b0 records arandom access indicator support flag indicating whether or not randomaccess is permitted, and bit b1 a unit start indicator supportindicating whether or not start is permitted for each unit. Bit b2records a PAT/PMT support indicating whether or not the PAT (programassociation table) and PMT (program map table) are supported, bit b3 aPCR support indicating whether or not PCR (Presentation Clock Reference)is supported, bit b4 an SCD (Splice CountDown) support indicatingwhether or not SCD is supported, and bits b5 to b7 an identificationcode of the STB which recorded data.

The identification code includes, e.g., an STB (001) of BS digitalbroadcast, a Ver2 STB (010) of DirecTV, and a Ver1 STB (011) of SkyPerfect TV.

Upon playback, pack data read out from a disc is interpreted by adistributor, and a pack that stores TS packets is sent to a TS packettransfer unit. The TS packet transfer unit transfers only TS packets tothe STB in accordance with a request from the STB.

Each cell playback information (C_PBI) (or stream cell information SCI)preferably further describes support information, as shown in FIG. 8.

More specifically, as shown in FIG. 8, the cell playback information(C_PBI) records: a cell category (C_CAT) (or cell type C_TY) in the 0thbyte (relative byte position: RBP); a cell arrival time (C_ARL_TM) whichdescribes an STC value or PCR upon recording the head of the cell ofinterest in the 1st to 4th bytes (RBP); the start address (C_FVOBU_SA)of the first VOBU in the cell in the 5th to 8th bytes (RBP); the startaddress (C_LVOBU_SA) of the last VOBU in the cell in the 9th to 12thbytes (RBP); and the end address (C_LVOBU_EA) of the last VOBU in thecell in the 13th to 16th bytes (RBP).

Also, the cell playback information describes a TS packet lengthindicating the length of a transport stream packet (TS packet) in the17th and 18th bytes (RBP).

Furthermore, the cell playback information (or SCI) records the numberof I-pictures (REFPIC_Ns) (or the number of access units AU_Ns) assupport information in the 19th to 22nd bytes (RBP).

Moreover, the cell playback information (or SCI) records the startaddresses (REFPIC_SA#1 to REFPIC_SA#n) and end addresses (REFPIC_EA#1 toREFPIC_EA#n) of I-pictures (or Access Unit Start Map AUSM and AccessUnit End Map AUEM) in turn in the 23rd byte and subsequent bytes (RBP).

REFPIC_SA# (I-picture start position) corresponds to an AUSM (accessunit start map; to be described later). This AUSM indicates a data unit(SOBU) of a streamer object (SOB), which unit contains an access unit(AU).

REFPIC_EA# (I-picture end position) corresponds to an AUEM (access unitend map; to be described later). This AUEM is a bit array having thesame length as that of the AUSM. Bits in this AUEM indicate which of theSOBUs contains the end of a bitstream segment associated with the accessunits of the SOB.

Note that the SOB and SOBU are names used in a streamer, and correspondto names VOB and VOBU used in DVD video (DVD_RTR).

The streamer directly records an incoming bitstream, and does notconcern itself with its contents (that is, the streamer does not knowthe recording contents).

When a bitstream recorded by the streamer is an MPEG2 transport stream,decoding starts from an I-picture position. In this case, if a timesearch is made for a position between a given I-picture and the nextI-picture (i.e., access is made based on only the time stamp), sincethere is no I-picture at that position, the start of decoding delaysuntil the next I-picture is detected (thus the image output timingdelays).

On the other hand, when a data unit (SOBU) is used as an access unit inthe streamer, since the start/end positions of I-picture can bedetermined in units of SOBUs (i.e., determined from the AUSM and AUEM),an I-picture position can be immediately found by a time search using anMPEG transport stream.

That is, when the SOBU is used for the access unit, an I-pictureposition is immediately found by a time search. Therefore, decoding canbe quickly started, and smooth fast forward (FF) and fast rewind (FR)can be attained.

Note that the TS packet length is described in FIG. 8. When 188-byte TSpackets are transferred in turn, no problem will be posed even if the TSpacket length is unknown. However, some broadcast station may send a TSpacket which has a size equal to or larger than 188 bytes to thestreamer. According to the present embodiment, the packet length can beset in consideration of such special case.

Thus, after data is read out from a disc, the data packet in the pack issegmented by the TS packet length to obtain packets.

When packets corresponding to the TS packet size (188 bytes) in an MPEGtransport stream, the packet size in a DVD video (DVD_RTR) programstream, and other packet sizes (n bytes/packet) are considered as thoseto be recorded by the streamer, a generic bitstream called anapplication stream is used.

As another example, a case will be exemplified below wherein supportinformation is recorded in management information in the currentlyproposed recording/playback video format.

FIG. 9 shows an outline of the format. Reference numeral 50 denotes aRAM video disc that allows recording, erasure, and playback. A recordingarea of the disc shown by (a) in FIG. 9 is defined between lead-in area20 and lead-out area 21, as shown by (b) in FIG. 9. In this area, volume& file manager information area 22 and data area 23 are assigned.

Data area 23 is divided into a plurality of DVD areas 24, as shown by(c) in FIG. 9. As shown by (d) in FIG. 9, each DVD area 24 is made up ofcontrol information 25 and video object 31 with the structure shown inFIG. 2. Further, as shown by (e) in FIG. 9, control information 25 ismade up of VOB general information (VOB_GI) (or stream file generalinformation SF_GI) 27, and VOBU information table (or stream fileinformation SFI) 28 which includes a number of pieces of VOBUinformation (VOBUI) (or stream object information SOBI) 29.

VOB general information (VOB_GI) (or SF_GI) 27 has areas for recordingVOBU_Ns (or SOBI_Ns), VOBI_End Address (or SOBU_SIZ), supportinformation, etc., as shown by (f) in FIG. 9.

More specifically, VOB_GI (or SF_GI) records: the number of VOBUs(VOBU_Ns) (or the number of SOBIs (SOBI_Ns)) in the 0th to 3rd bytes(RBP); the end address or the size (i.e., length) of the VOBI (or thenumber of sectors per SOBU (SOBU_SIZ)) in the 4th to 7th bytes (RBP);and support information which may be the same as that shown by (b) inFIG. 7 in the 8th byte (RBP). Furthermore, an erasure inhibition flag(ARCHIVE Flag) can be recorded in the 9th byte (RBP).

VOBUI (or SOBI) 29 shown by (e) in FIG. 9 can record support informationshown in FIG. 10.

More specifically, VOBUI (SOBI) 29 records: the VOBU start address inthe 0th to 3rd bytes (RBP); and the VOBU end address or length in the4th to 7th bytes (RBP).

Also, VOBUI (SOBI) describes: a system time clock (STC) or program clockreference (PCR) upon recording the head of the VOBU of interest asVOBU_RECTM in the 8th to 11th bytes (RBP); and a TS packet lengthindicating the length of a TS packet in the 12th and 13th bytes (RBP).

Furthermore, VOBUI (SOBI) records the number of I-pictures (REFPIC_Ns)in the 14th to 17th bytes (RBP).

Moreover, VOBUI (SOBI) records the start addresses (REFPIC_SA) and endaddresses (REFPIC_EA) of I-pictures in turn in the 18th byte and thesubsequent bytes (RBP).

When a VOBU is segmented into a plurality of sets of TS packets toalways locate an I-picture at the head of each set, the I-pictureaddress is used upon segmenting the VOBU.

REFPIC_SA# in FIG. 10 corresponds to the aforementioned AUSM (accessunit start map), and REFPIC_EA# corresponds to the aforementioned AUEM(access unit end map).

In this way, when an I-picture is always located at the head in a VOBU,the I-picture start address need not be described, and only theI-picture end address can be described.

As an example for recording management data contained in the TS packetdescribed above in the aforementioned tables, the following five piecesof information will be explained.

The first information is the random access indicator contained in the TSpacket header shown by (c) in FIG. 1, which is activated in case of a TSpacket containing first I-picture data.

With this flag, the start position of the I-picture can be specified.Two methods are available to reflect this flag on the format.

In the first method, formatting is done using this information uponsegmenting data into VOBUs (or SOBUs) 33, as shown by (a) in FIG. 11.

With this method, since the start position of each VOBU (SOBU) alwaysmatches that of an I-picture, playback in units of VOBUs (SOBUs) can beeasily done. In this case, a padding packet is inserted into a VOBU(SOBU) as needed to always locate I-picture data at the start positionin the VOBU (SOBU), as shown by (a) in FIG. 11.

As the second method, when the start positions of I-pictures arerecorded in the management area, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 10, they can beused in a special playback mode such as FF, FR, or the like, as will bedescribed later.

In an actual system, since an I-decode end interrupt from the STB mustbe used, extra data is sent to the STB if only the I-picture startaddress is used, resulting in poor efficiency.

Furthermore, as the second information, the unit start indicator shownby (b) in FIG. 1 is supported.

Thus, since the I-picture end address can be specified, a specialplayback mode such as fast forward (FF), fast rewind (FR), or the likethat does not read out extra data can be implemented.

The unit start indicator can specify the start address of eachI-picture. The I-picture end address is written as managementinformation, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.

In this embodiment, a logical block address is used as addressinformation. The logical block address does not match an actual physicaladdress since skipping is done based on, e.g., error information and thelike. Especially, in case of a DVD-RAM or the like, since an erroroccurs due to contamination such as scratches, fingerprints, and thelike, the addresses may have a larger difference. For this reason, thelogical block address is converted into a physical address by, e.g., afile system.

Also, as the address information, not only the logical block address butalso a method of indicating an address using a transfer time, convertingthe time information into a logical block address using a correspondencetable, and then converting the logical block address into a physicaladdress may be used. That is, the address information indicatesinformation that can be converted into a physical address with referenceto a correspondence table or the like or via computations.

The third information is a splice countdown (SCD) contained in the TSpacket header shown by (d) in FIG. 1, by (c) in FIG. 11, and by (a) to(c) in FIG. 13, which can specify an editable position. That is, iflogical minimum units (corresponding to cells in DVD) are segmentedusing this unit, this information can be used in editing from eachminimum unit.

For this reason, as shown by (a) in FIGS. 12 and 13, a TS pack thatincludes a TS packet with SCD=0 at the head of the pack is adjusted tobe located at the head of a cell. By aligning cells in this manner,editing in units of cells can be made, as shown by (b) in FIG. 13, andseamless playback between cells can be done even after editing, as shownby (c) in FIG. 13.

The fourth information is a method of presenting a cell or VOBU playbacktime, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 10, using PCR shown by (d) in FIG. 1.

Note that PCR indicates a transfer arrival reference time of a TSpacket, and is not appended to all TS packets. But since a TS stream isdata to be played back in real time, PCR is highly likely to indicatethe same time as the playback time. However, since the playback time iscontained in a payload, it cannot be used in a recording/playback DVDstreamer unless the data is decrypted.

For this reason, the playback time is presented using PCR informationand the STC in which that time data is set. In this manner, the playbacktime can be roughly represented. However, when PCR is not supported, theplayback start time is set at STC=0, and counting is then started to usean STC value at a given timing as the playback time.

The fifth information is PAT and PMT packets shown by (b) in FIG. 11 andby (a) to (c) in FIG. 12, and these packets record the PIDs of data of aprogram which is to be played back. These packets are inserted atintervals of several 100 ms to several seconds; when a program is playedback from a midway position, playback starts based on this data.

For this reason, these packets can be used to segment data, as shown by(b) in FIG. 11 and by (a) to (c) in FIG. 12.

Note that the PAT and PMT_packets can be used in the following foursegmentation methods in correspondence with the DVD video format.

First, as shown by (b) in FIG. 11, when the head of a VOBU (or SOBU) isaligned to that of a PAT packet, playback from a midway position inunits of VOBUs (SOBUs) can be made. However, since video data after thePAT packet does not always start from an I-picture, a slight time lag isproduced until an I-picture is found. For this reason, segmentation atthe positions of I-pictures is preferable for VOBUs (SOBUs).

Second, as shown by (a) in FIG. 12, the head of a cell is aligned tothat of a PAT packet to be used as the cell segmentation position.However, since PAT packets appear at intervals of several 100 ms toseveral seconds, cell segmentation positions are set every some PATpackets. However, in this method, since an edit point is not used as areference point, if editing is done, continuity is disrupted, andseamless playback cannot be guaranteed. For this reason, cellsegmentation based on SCD is preferable.

Third, as shown by (b) in FIG. 12, a program may be segmented using PATpackets. With this method, PG jump, PG skip, and the like can beimplemented. However, since PAT packets appear at intervals of several100 ms to several seconds, program segmentation positions are set everyseveral ten to several hundred PAT packets.

Fourth, as shown by (c) in FIG. 12, a PGC may be segmented using PATpackets. With this method, PGC jump, PGC skip, and the like can beimplemented. However, since PAT packets appear at intervals of several100 ms to several seconds, program segmentation positions are set everyseveral hundred to several thousand PAT packets.

The identification code of the STB indicates the type of digitalbroadcast that the STB connected can receive. With this code, the STBconnected is checked upon playback, and the same STB used upon recordingcan be selected to play back data. Furthermore, this code can changeoperation that pertains to playback time presentation.

When the STB supports a command for outputting a playback time to arecorder, the playback time is periodically read from the STB and ispresented. This value is most accurate as the playback time.

The system arrangement of a satellite broadcast compatible DVDrecorder/player will be explained below with reference to FIG. 14.

Referring to FIG. 14, reference numeral 50 denotes a RAM disc, which isdriven by disc drive 51 that exchanges data with data processor (D-PRO)52. Temporary memory 53 for temporarily saving data is connected to dataprocessor 52.

The recorder/player of FIG. 14 can record and playback an MPEG bitstreamand/or a normal video signal. These bitstream and video signal may berecorded independently, or mixed with one another.

Decoder unit 59 in the system shown in FIG. 14 includes distributor 60having a memory, which receives playback data transferred from dataprocessor 52.

The playback data is demultiplexed by distributor 60 into video data,sub-picture data, and audio data (packet data). The video data istransferred to video decoder 61 having reduced-scale image (thumbnailpicture) generator 62, and the sub-picture data and audio data arerespectively transferred to sub-picture decoder 63 and audio decoder 64.

Digital video and sub-picture signals respectively decoded by videodecoder 61 and sub-picture decoder 63 are synthesized by video processor(V-PRO) 65, and the synthesized signal is supplied to video mixing unit66. Video mixing unit 66 is connected to frame memory 73 for temporarilystoring a digital video signal in units of frames, and externallysupplied text data or the like is mixed into a video frame. Then, thedigital video signal is supplied to D/A converter 67, and aD/A-converted video signal is output to TV monitor 68. The digital videosignal can be externally output via interface 69.

A digital audio signal from audio decoder 64 is supplied to D/Aconverter 70, and a D/A-converted audio signal is output to loudspeaker72. The digital audio signal can also be externally output via interface71.

Reduced-scale image (thumbnail picture) generator 62 of video decoder 61generates a video signal of a reduced-scale image of transferred videodata on the basis of a reduction ON command from main MPU 80, andsupplies it to video processor 65 to display the reduced-scale image onTV monitor 68. Key input unit 103 having keys for instructing externalcommands such as playback (PLAY), stop (STP), a marker that appends amark associated with a recording position, and the like, and displayunit 104 are connected to main MPU 80.

Encoder unit 79 in the system shown in FIG. 14 can receive an AV inputfrom external AV apparatus 81 or TV tuner 82, and can also receivedigital broadcast data from STB 83. A satellite broadcast antenna forreceiving digital broadcast data is connected to STB 83.

An AV signal from external AV apparatus 81 or TV tuner 82 is convertedinto a digital signal by A/D converter 84. In this case, a digital audiosignal is supplied to audio encoder 86 and a digital video signal tovideo encoder 87 via selector 85, and these signals are MPEG-encoded.

When caption information such as character information or the like isoutput from TV tuner 82, it is supplied to sub-picture encoder 88 and isrunlength-encoded.

Data encoded by encoders 86, 87, and 88 are supplied to formatter 90, towhich buffer memory 91 is connected, are stored in video, audio, andsub-picture packets appended with packet headers by formatter 90, andthese packets are converted into pack structures by appending packheaders.

These packs are grouped together in units of VOBUs (SOBUs), as shown by(d) in FIG. 2, and a number of VOBUs (SOBUs) are grouped into a cell.Then, a set of cells are grouped into video object VOB (SOB), and avideo object set is formed as needed.

During the formatting process, formatter 90 generates managementinformation with reference to segmentation information generated by TVtuner 82. For example, PGC information is generated with reference tosegmentation information.

The generated management information and pack data are sent to dataprocessor 52, which stores the generated management information in amanagement data table generated by and supplied from a management datagenerator 80B of main MPU 80. Then, the management and pack data arerecorded on optical disc 50 via disc drive 51.

STB 83 directly supplies an MPEG2 transport stream corresponding to theselected program, i.e., title, to formatter 90. The stream is formatted,as shown in FIG. 1, and management information is generated. Dataprocessor 52 stores the management data in a predetermined managementdata table, and the management data table and transport packets aresimilarly recorded on optical disc 50 via disc drive 51.

STB 83 incorporates a decoder, which decodes AV data in TS packets toconvert it into audio and video signals. The audio and video signals arerespectively supplied to loudspeaker 72 and TV monitor 68 via D/Aconverters 70 and 67.

TS packs 34 supplied to optical disc 50 are supplied to distributor 60of decoder unit 59 via data processor 52 and disc drive 51. Distributor60 detects with reference to the stream and substream IDs that packetdata in these packs are TS packet data, and distributes those TS packetsto TS packet transfer unit 100.

TS packet transfer unit 100 supplies TS packets 38 to STB 83 atpredetermined transfer timings. Data in each TS packet is decoded by STB83, and decoded audio and video signals are respectively supplied toloudspeaker 72 and TV monitor 68 via D/A converters 70 and 67.

In the aforementioned recording/playback operation, decoder unit 59 andencoder unit 79 execute data transfer and the like under the control ofsystem time clocks 102.

The recording and playback processes will be explained below withreference to FIGS. 15 to 23.

A data process upon recording will be described first with reference tothe flow charts shown in FIGS. 15, 16, and 17.

When main MPU 80 receives a recording command from key input unit 103 instep S10, the recording process starts.

Disc drive 51 loads management data from optical disc 50 in step S11,and it is checked in step S12 if a free space is available. If no freespace is available, a message indicating no free space is displayed ondisplay unit 103 in step S13, and the process ends in step S14.

On the other hand, if a free space is available, a write area isdetermined in an area corresponding to the free space, i.e., a writeaddress is determined in step S15. In order to write recording data inthe determined area, that address is written in the management area, andthe write start address of video data is set in disc drive 51 to preparefor data recording. In step S16, a command for reading out. EPG(electronic program guide) information from STB 83 is issued.

In response to a request from MPU 80, STB 82 prepares the latest EPG atthat time. That is, STB 82 receives the latest EPG and saves it in awork memory. The EPG data which has been received or saved in the workmemory in the STB 83 is sent back to MPU 80.

MPU 80 displays that EPG data in step S17 to make the user select aprogram to be recorded. After that, if the program to be recorded isdetermined, MPU 80 issues a command for outputting support informationto STB 83, and receives support information from STB 83, as shown instep S18. At this time, MPU 80 also receives an STB identification codefrom STB 83 together with support information. The support informationis detected by support management information detector 80C in MPU 80.

If no support information is available in STB 83, the presence/absenceof support information is checked during information, and detectedinformation is used instead. MPU 80 designates a target program to berecorded in STB 83, and make STB 83 start reception of the program.

MPU 80 issues an instruction for writing management information in themanagement area on optical disc 50 in step S19. That is, VTS isregistered in VMGI to generate VTSI as a management data table for avideo title set, and support information is written in VTSI. Or,STR_VMGI (FIG. 6) is prepared in step S19.

In DVD_RTR (a system for internally converting analog video data intoMPEG data and recording the MPEG data in real time), the roles of VMGIand VTSI are integrated in RTR video manager information (RTR_VMGI).Hence, when a DVD_RTR recorder is used as a streamer, VMGI and VTSI (orSTR_VMGI) may be read as RTR_VMGI as needed.

MPU 80 resets the time of STC 102 as an initialization process forrecording in step S20. Note that STC 102 is a system timer, andrecording and playback are executed with reference to the valuegenerated by STC 102. Data of VMG and VTS files are written in a filesystem, and required information is written in VMGI and VTSI.

At this time, if support information has been detected, the detectedsupport information is written. Furthermore, the respective unitsundergo recording setups. At this time, data segmentation is set in theformatter, as has been explained above with reference to FIGS. 11 to 13,and the formatter is set to receive TS packets.

Upon starting recording, the respective units undergo recording startsetups in step S21 in FIG. 16. More specifically, a recording startcommand is supplied to formatter 90, which starts recording andformatting of recording data.

When recording has been started, MPU 80 checks in step S22 if an updateinput of segmentation information, i.e., data grouping information thathas been explained with reference to FIGS. 11 to 13, is detected. Ifsuch input is detected, that segmentation information is saved in workRAM BOA of MPU 80 in step S23.

After the segmentation information is saved, or if segmentationinformation is not updated, it is checked in step S24-1 if a recordingend key input is detected. If the recording end key input is detected, arecording end process is executed in step S28. If no recording end keyinput is detected, the size of the free area in optical disc 50 ischecked in step S24-2 to compute the remaining space size.

It is checked in step S25 if the remaining space size has become equalto or smaller than a predetermined value. If the remaining space size isnot equal to or smaller than the predetermined value, the flow repeatsstep S25 to periodically check the remaining space size. If theremaining space size has become equal to or smaller than thepredetermined value, a process for a small remaining space size is donein step S26.

After that, it is checked in step S27 if no recordable space isavailable. If a sufficient recordable space is available, the flowreturns to step S22 to repeat steps S22 to S26.

If no recordable space is available, a recording end process is done instep S28. In this recording end process, segmentation information forthe remaining data is received from formatter 90, and is added to workRAM 80 a. These data are recorded in management data (VMGI and VTSI; orRTR_VMGI; or STR_VMGI), and information for recorded data is recorded inthe file system. After that, recording ends in step S29.

The flow of a video signal in the recording operation in the systemshown in FIG. 14 will be described in detail below.

TS packets input from STB 83 are input to the formatter. The timeelapsed from the transfer start timing is read from the STC value, andis saved in buffer RAM 91 as management information. This information issent to MPU 80 together with segmentation information, and is recordedin management information. As segmentation information, VOBU (or SOBU)segmentation information, cell segmentation information, programsegmentation information, and PGC segmentation information aregenerated, and are periodically sent to MPU 80.

Note that the VOBU (SOBU) segmentation information includes the VOBU(SOBU) start address, VOBU (SOBU) playback time, and I-picture start andend addresses. In the I-picture start address, the address of a packthat records a TS packet including an active random access indicator isset.

As for the I-picture end address, since a TS packet that stores videodata immediately before a TS packet including an active unit startindicator after the random access indicator is active is an I-pictureend packet, the address of a pack which records that TS packet is set inthe I-picture end address.

As the VOBU (SOBU) playback time, the time required from the start toend of transfer of a VOBU (SOBU) is used instead.

Formatter 90 temporarily saves TS packet data in buffer memory 91. Then,the formatter packs the TS packet data input to obtain packed data,formats the packed data to obtain a pack sequence shown by (e) in FIG.2, and inputs the pack sequence to D-PRO 52.

D-PRO 52 groups 16 packs together to obtain an ECC group, appends errorcorrection data thereto, and sends the ECC group to disc drive 51. Whendisc drive 51 is not ready to record, D-PRO 52 transfers the ECC groupto temporary memory 53 and waits until disc drive 51 is ready to record.When disc drive 51 is ready, D-PRO 52 starts recording. As temporarymemory 53, a large-capacity memory is assumed since it must holdrecording data for several min or more by high-speed access.

Note that a microcomputer can make read/write access to D-PRO 52 via amicrocomputer bus to read/write the file management area or the like.

Upon completion of recording, an erasure inhibition flag (protect orarchive flag) is cleared to permit erasure. That is, at the beginning ofrecording, erasure is allowed.

A data process upon playback will be explained below with reference toFIGS. 17 and 18.

Upon receiving a playback command, MPU 80 starts a playback process instep S30. Disc drive 51 searches disc 50 to check for any defects instep S31.

If any defects on disc 50 are found upon checking disc 50, an errorprocess is executed in step S32, and playback comes to an end in stepS33.

If no problem is found on disc 50, STB 83 connected is checked in stepS34 to fetch its identification code. After that, disc drive 51 searchesthe management area on disc 50 to load its management information (VMGIor STRI including STR_VMGI) via D-PRO 52 in step S35, thus allowing theuser to select a title set (one or more PGCs) to be played back.

When the user determines the title set (PGCs) to be played back and itsaddress is determined in step S36, MPU BO sends a read command of thedetermined address to disc drive 51. Hence, VTSI (or STR_VMGI) of thedetermined title set (PGCs) is loaded and PGCI (or play list searchpointers) in the loaded VTSI (or STR_VMGI) is saved in work RAM 80A instep S37.

In step S38, all titles or PGCs (or programs (PGs)) corresponding to STB83 connected in the selected title set are displayed. Based on thisdisplay, the user determines the title or PGC (or program) to be playedback in step S39.

Subsequently, in step S40 support information in the managementinformation shown in FIG. 7 or 9 is read out, and the individual unitsare set based on the support information. That is, it is checked in stepS41 if the random-access indicator is supported. If the random accessindicator is supported, a flag that permits FF and FR special playbackmodes based on I-picture is set in step S42.

If the random access indicator is not supported, it is checked in stepS43 if PAT is supported. If PAT is supported, a flag that permits FF andFR special playback modes based on PAT is set in step S44. If PAT is notsupported either, a flag that inhibits FF and FR special playback modesis set in step S45.

Upon completion of setups based on the support information, program andcell numbers from which playback starts are determined in step S46. MPU80 sends a playback command of TS packets to STB 83 via an internal bus.MPU 80 also initially sets up distributor 60 to send TS packets to STB83, and sets V mixing unit 66 to allow a display process of a videosignal sent from STB 83 (step S47 in FIG. 18).

Disc drive 51 reads out sector data from disc 50 in accordance with acommand sent from MPU 80, i.e., the determined program and cell numbers.D-PRO 52 corrects errors of readout data, and outputs corrected data todecoder unit 59 as pack data.

In decoder unit 59, distributor 60 determines based on the stream andsubstream IDs of the pack data that incoming data contains TS packets,and sends TS packets to TS packet transfer unit 100. The TS packets arethen transferred to STB 83 (step S47).

STB 83 then decodes incoming TS packets. In case of normal broadcastreception, incoming data is directly written. But in case of dataexchange via the internal bus, data transfer is done using REC and ACKsignals as follows. That is, when a buffer consumed by STB 83 is empty,an REC signal is activated. When distributor 60 is ready to transferdata, an ACK signal is activated every time data is sent onto the bus.In this manner, data is transferred in response to a data transferrequest from STB 83.

The sent TS packet data are played back by STB 83, and video data isconverted into a TV signal via V mixing unit 66 and is displayed on TVmonitor 68. Also, an audio signal is sent to D/A converter 70 to beconverted into an analog audio signal, and the converted signal isplayed back from loudspeaker 72.

During playback, PCR data is periodically set in the STC, and thecontents of the STC are displayed as a playback time. When STB 83 cantransfer a playback time, playback time data is periodically transferredand displayed. If STB 83 can display a playback time based on PTS invideo data, that playback time is displayed.

The playback process is done in units of cells, as shown in step S48 inFIG. 18. MPU 80 always checks if disc drive 51 has stopped due to errorsor the like after the cell playback process (step S49). If the drive hasstopped, the playback operation comes to an end in step S50.

If disc drive 51 is in operation, it is always checked if the currentcell is the last cell. If the current cell is not the last cell (stepS51), the cell number is counted up in step S52, and the flow returns tothe cell playback process in step S48.

If the last cell has been reached in step S51, it is checked in step S53if playback is to end. If playback is not to end, the flow returns tostep S48 to start playback of a cell of another program (or another playlist) or PGC.

If the end of playback is determined in step S53, a playback end processis done in step S54, and the playback operation comes to an end in stepS55.

The cell playback process shown in FIG. 18 will be explained in detailbelow with reference to FIG. 19.

Initially, when the cell playback process corresponding to step S48 inFIG. 18 starts in step S60 in FIG. 19, it is checked in step S61 if acell playback process start request is detected. If no cell playbackprocess request is detected, it is checked in step S62 whether VOBUs (orSOBUs) are continuous.

If VOBUs (SOBUs) are continuous, it is checked in step S65 if an FF keyis input.

If VOBUs (SOBUs) are not continuous, a playback start address (logicalblock number LBN) is determined with reference to PGCI (or SOBI in FIG.10) in step S63. In step S64, a data read command is sent to disc drive51 using this address, and disc drive 51 starts a search.

After that, cell playback starts from the playback start address, and itis also checked in step S65 during playback if the FF playback key isinput.

If it is determined in step S65 that the FF playback key is input, it isconfirmed in step S66 if FF playback is permitted. If FF playback is notpermitted, a message “no FF playback permitted by broadcast station” isdisplayed in step S67, and the flow advances to step S71. Note that FFoperation is inhibited and the message “no FF playback permitted bybroadcast station” is displayed when support information neitherspecifies I-picture nor supports PAT.

If FF playback is permitted, an FF process is executed in step S68. Itis checked (step S69) if disc drive 51 has stopped due to errors or thelike during the FF process, and if disc drive 51 has stopped, the FFprocess and playback process end in step S70.

If it is determined in step S65 that the FF playback key is not input,or if an FF non-permission message is displayed in step S67, or whendrive 51 is not stopped in step S69, then it is checked in step S71whether STB 83 is of a type that outputs a playback time.

If STB 83 outputs a playback time, the playback time output from STB 83is displayed in step S72. If STB 83 does not output any playback time,it is confirmed with reference to support information in step S73whether management data of an incoming TS packet includes PCR thatdescribes time information.

If PCR is supported, the PCR value in management data of that TS packetis displayed in step S75, and the flow advances to step S76. If PCR isnot supported, the measured by STC 102 is displayed (step S74), and theflow advances to step S76.

It is confirmed in step S76 if the current cell is the last cell. If thecurrent cell is not the last cell, the flow returns to step S65 toexecute steps S65 to S75 again.

On the other hand, if the current cell is the last cell, the controlwaits for the end of playback of VOBUs (or SOBUs) in that cell in stepS77. Upon completion of VOBU (or SOBU) playback, the flow returns to theaforementioned step S54 of FIG. 18, as shown in step S78.

Special playback modes will be explained below with reference to FIGS.20 to 23. In this example of special playback mode, FF playback will beexplained. But the same applies to FR playback, and a detaileddescription thereof will be omitted.

In the FF playback process in step S68, the flows shown in FIGS. 20 and21 are executed.

That is, when the FF process starts in step S80, an only I-pictureplayback command is sent to STB 83 (step S81). It is confirmed withreference to support information in step S82 if a TS packet supports therandom access indicator. If the TS packet does not support the randomaccess indicator, an FF process using PAT is started in step S84. The FFprocess using PAT will be explained later with reference to FIG. 23.

If the TS packet supports the random access indicator, it is confirmedin step S83 if a VOBU (SOBU) which is currently being transferredcorresponds to the last VOBU (SOBU) in the cell. If the current VOBU(SOBU) is the last VOBU (SOBU), the I-picture start address in the nextVOBU (SOBU) is read out in step S86, and the flow advances to step S87.On the other hand, if the current VOBU (SOBU) does not correspond to thelast VOBU (SOBU), the I-picture start address, two VOBUs (SOBUs) aheadof the current VOBU (SOBU), is read out (step S85), and the flowadvances to step S87.

It is checked in step S87 if the unit start indicator is supported.

If the unit start indicator is supported (YES in step S87), a transferinterrupt flag is cleared and the next I-picture end address is read outin step S91. Then, a read command designated with the start and endaddresses of I-picture is sent to disc drive 51 in step S92, thusreading out I-picture data based on the I-picture start and I-pictureend addresses.

In step S93, the control waits for a data transfer end interrupt, i.e.,an interrupt from disc drive 51 to confirm if transfer of that I-picturedata has ended.

If transfer has ended, the flow returns to step S91 to execute steps S91and S92 again so as to playback the next I-picture. If transfer of theI-picture data has not ended, it is confirmed in step S94 if a STOP orPLAY key is pressed.

If neither of these keys are pressed, the flow returns to step S93 towait for transfer of I-picture data. If either key is pressed, the flowadvances to step S95 shown in FIG. 21.

If it is determined in step S87 that the unit start indicator is notsupported (NO in step S87), an I-picture playback interrupt flag iscleared and a read command designated with the start address ofI-picture and continuous read is issued to disc drive 51 in step S88.

After that, the control waits for an I-picture decode end interrupt,i.e., an interrupt from STB 83, and if an interrupt is detected, theflow returns to step S88 to execute steps S88 and S89 again.

If no interrupt is detected, it is confirmed in step S90 if a STOP orPLAY key has been pressed. If neither of these keys are pressed, theflow returns to step S89 to wait for an interrupt from STB 83. On theother hand, if it is determined in step S90 that either key is pressed,the flow advances to step S95 shown in FIG. 21.

The interrupt process (step S89 in FIG. 20) is executed, as shown inFIG. 22. That is, when the interrupt process is started in step S120, afactor of interruption is checked in step S121.

If this factor indicates a transfer end interrupt process from discdrive 51, a transfer end interrupt flag is set in step S122; if thefactor indicates an I-picture playback interrupt process, an I-pictureplayback interrupt flag is set; or if the factor indicates a timerinterrupt process, and if STB 83 can output a playback time, theplayback time is received from STB 83 and is set in a work RAM. Aftersuch setups, the corresponding step is executed.

If it is determined in step S95 of FIG. 21 that the input key is theSTOP key, a stop command is set in step S96, and the playback endprocess (step S54 in FIG. 18) is executed in step S97, thus endingplayback.

On the other hand, if it is determined in step S95 that the PLAY key hasbeen pressed, a read command provided at the I-picture start address ofthe next VOBU (SOBU) is sent to disc drive 51 in step S98, and a dataread is started based on that address in step S99, thus reading out datain turn. After that, the flow of process returns to step S48 in FIG. 18,as shown in step S100, and the FF playback process ends.

As for FR playback, only the I-picture position to be read out isopposite to FF, and the flows shown in FIGS. 20 and 21 can be used. Whenthe TS packet structure has a packet access pointer, the followingprocess is done in the special playback mode.

When VOBUs (SOBUs) are grouped in units of I-pictures, since TS packetsare aligned in units of VOBUs (SOBUs), no packet access pointer will berequired. However, if VOBUs (SOBUs) are not grouped in units ofI-pictures, a problem will be posed upon executing playback using therandom access pointer.

More specifically, when a pack is to be read out based on the startaddress of I-picture, since I-picture is not always located at the headof a VOBU (SOBU), the start position of the data area of the pack isunlikely to match the segmentation (or split) start position of a TSpacket. In such case, the packet access pointer (e.g., 0x2e as shown by(d) in FIG. 3) determines the segmentation (split) start position of theTS packet.

The FF process using PAT (program association table) in step S84 shownin FIG. 20 is done, as shown in FIG. 23.

When the FF process using PAT is started in step S101, it is checked instep S102 if the transferred VOBU (SOBU) is the last VOBU (SOBU) in acell. If the transferred VOBU (SOBU) is the last VOBU (SOBU), the startaddress of a VOBU (SOBU) at the head of the next cell is read out instep S104. On the other hand, if the transferred VOBU (SOBU) is not thelast VOBU (SOBU), the start address, two VOBUs (SOBUs) ahead of thecurrent VOBU (SOBU), is read out in step S103.

In step S105, an I-picture playback interrupt flag is cleared, a readcommand with the start and end addresses of a VOBU (SOBU) is sent todisc drive 51, and the control waits for an I-picture decode endinterrupt, i.e., an interrupt from the STB.

If an I-picture playback interrupt is detected in step S106, the flowreturns to step S105. On the other hand, if no I-picture playbackinterrupt is detected, and transfer has ended, it is checked in stepS107 whether the STOP or PLAY key has been operated. If no key input isdetected, the flow returns to step S106.

It is confirmed in step S108 whether or not the input key is the STOPkey. If the STOP key has been entered, a stop command is supplied todisc drive 51 in step S109, and a playback end process (step S54 in FIG.18) is done in step S110.

On the other hand, if the input key is the PLAY key, a read command withthe I-picture start address of the next VOBU (SOBU) is sent to discdrive 51 in step S111, and a data read is started based on that addressin step S112, thus reading out data in turn. After that, the flowreturns to step S48 in FIG. 18, as shown in step S113, thus ending theFF playback process.

In the following, stream data according to an embodiment of the presentinvention will be explained.

FIG. 24 shows a data structure of the stream data (corresponding to theMPEG2 transport stream of FIG. 1).

The stream data is recorded as a group of stream objects (SOB) for eachcontent of video information in the stream data. One SOB of them isshown by (f) in FIG. 24, and is represented by SOB#A 298.

When such stream data is recorded on a DVD-RAM disc, the recording willbe performed in minimum units of sectors each having 2048 bytes. A groupof 16 sectors constitutes an ECC block in which performed areinterleaving (re-ordering of arrangement of data pieces) and adding oferror correction codes.

In the embodiment, a unit of one or more ECC blocks is used toconstitute a stream block. Recording and/or partial erasing of streaminformation will be performed in unit of the stream block. In theembodiment, the number of ECC blocks constituting the stream blockdepends on a transport rate of the stream data to be transmitted.

In digital broadcasting, one transponder receives packets of a pluralityof programs which are time-divided. For instance, when a second programis to be recorded on a information storage medium, STB unit 83 of FIG.14 extracts the transport packets (TS packets in FIG. 3) of the secondprogram only. At that time, in STB unit 83, the time information ofreception of respective transport packets is added as a timestamp (ATSin FIG. 3).

Thereafter, when data is transmitted to formatter unit 90 of FIG. 14according to IEEE1394, pairs of the timestamps (ATS) and the transportpackets (TS packets) are finely segmented and the segmented ones aretransmitted. In formatter unit 90, the stream data transmitted accordingto IEEE1394 is changed to the format as shown by (a) in FIG. 24, andrecorded on information storage medium 50 of FIG. 14.

More specifically, a pack header and a PES header are arranged at theleading portion of each sector (cf. (c) in FIG. 24, FIG. 39), whereinthe pack header includes information such as system clock information.In each of the stream blocks, and only for the leading one of thesectors therein, stream block header 11 is recorded immediately afterthe PES header. For other sectors following the leading sector, nostream block header is recorded, but sector headers 12, 13 are recordedimmediately after the PES header.

The timestamps (ATS) and transport packets as shown by (a) in FIG. 24are sequentially inserted in data areas 21-24 as shown by (c) and (i) inFIG. 24.

Note that in the example shown by (b) in FIG. 24, one transport packet dis recorded across two sectors (from No. 0 to No. 1).

When one transport packet is recorded across a plurality of sectors, itis possible to record a large packet having a size larger than the onesector size.

The digital broadcasting utilizes a multiply-segmented scheme applicableto multi-programs, or utilizes a transport stream, wherein the size ofone transport packet is relatively small (188 bytes or 183 bytes).

Meanwhile, as in the example of data structure of FIG. 24, one sectorhas a 2048-byte size as mentioned earlier. Thus, even if the sizes ofrespective headers are subtracted from the 2048 bytes sector size, aboutten transport packets can be recorded in one of data areas 21-24.

In contrast, in a digital communication network as ISDN, a long packethaving 4094 bytes may be transmitted.

According to the present invention, one packet can be continuouslyrecorded across a plurality of data areas. By so doing, it is possibleto achieve not only recording of transport packets in one data area ofdigital broadcasting, but also, recording of a large-size packet as thelong packet of ISDN.

In other words, any type of packets, such as a transport packet ofdigital broadcasting or a long packet of digital communication, can berecorded in the stream block without fragments, independently of thepacket size.

When a space remains in the stream block, padding data (that can berecognized as information of an unrecorded area) is recorded in theremaining space. More specifically, as shown by (b) in FIG. 24, end code31 is placed after the last transport packet f in stream block #1, sothat the remaining area is set as padding area 36.

FIG. 25 shows the internal structure of the stream block header as shownin FIG. 24.

In (d) of FIG. 24, a value larger than the size of data area 22 ofsector No. 1 is set as the value of the first access point of sectorNo. 1. Then, it is indicated that the position of a timestamp exists inthe subsequent sectors, wherein that timestamp corresponds to thesubsequent packet next to the packet recorded in sector No. 1.

Information similar to said sector data header is also recorded insector data header information 613 (FIG. 25) of stream block header 11.

Information pieces of stream block information 612 in which recorded isinformation relating to whole stream block are:

-   -   record time 622 (date/time information of recording on the        information storage medium);    -   transport packet attribute 623 (attribute information relating        the transport packet);    -   stream block size 624 (data size of corresponding stream block        (described by the number of ECC blocks));    -   stream block time difference 625 (time range information in the        corresponding stream block);

The above stream block time difference can be calculated as follows,when (b) in FIG. 24 is exemplified:[stream block time difference]=[the value of first timestamp in streamblock #2]−[the value of timestamp a]

Formatter unit 90 in FIG. 14 converts the stream data, which is inputwith the form of (a) in FIG. 24, into the form of (c) or (i) of FIG. 24,and the converted data is subsequently input to D-PRO unit 52.

In D-PRO unit 52, input data is grouped with 16 sectors to form an ECCblock, and the ECC block is sent to disc drive unit 51.

Note that the sent ECC block data is sent to temporal storage unit 53 totemporarily store it, when disc drive unit 51 is not yet in a recordablecondition, and the system waits for the preparation of recording. Whendisc drive unit 51 is in the recordable condition, the data stored intemporal storage unit 53 is read out to start the recording on theinformation storage medium.

The flow of signals in the stream data recording/reproducing apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present invention will be as follows.

As mentioned, the structure of stream data to be recorded on informationstorage medium 50 is changed by formatter unit 90 to the data structureas shown by (c), (i) of FIG. 24.

In an embodiment of the present invention, assume that the sametransport packet is prohibited from being recorded across differentstream blocks. Under this assumption, when the timestamp and packet databoth temporarily stored in a buffer memory are segmented for each streamblock, it is necessary to completely include a pair of the timestamp andtransport packet within one stream block.

On the other hand, according to an embodiment of the present invention,the same transport packet can be recorded across different sectors(e.g., No. 0 and No. 1 shown by (d) in FIG. 24). In this case, datasegmentation for each sector will be mechanically performed based on aprescribed size assigned to each of data areas 21-24.

In digital broadcasting, video information is compressed according toMPEG2 specification, and the resultant I-, B-, and P-picture informationis recorded in different transport packets. Then, these transportpackets are transmitted.

The transport packet is constituted by a transport packet header andpayload.

In the first one of transport packets wherein I-picture information isrecorded, a flag of the random access indicator (corresponding to AUSMof (c) in FIG. 1) is set to “1”. Meanwhile, in the other first one oftransport packets wherein B- or P-picture information is recorded,another flag of the payload unit start indicator is set to “1”.

Information of the random access indicator (AUSM) and information of thepayload unit start indicator are used to prepare I-picture mapping table641 (table of an access unit start map) and B, P-picture start positionmapping table 642 (table of an access unit end map). These tables areshown by (e) in FIG. 25.

Each mapping table in transport packet mapping table 632 shown by (d) inFIG. 25 is configured to a bitmap format.

For instance, when “n” transport packets are recorded in one streamblock, the value of number of transport packet 631 shown by (d) in FIG.25 is set to “n”.

In this case, each mapping table in (e) of FIG. 25 is formed of “n-bit”data, and bits of the “n-bit” data are respectively assigned to thetransport packets in the stream block. These transport packets aresequentially arranged from the front of the stream block.

FIG. 26 shows an internal structure of the sector data header shown inFIG. 24.

Sector data headers 12 and 13 as shown by (c) and (i) in FIG. 24represent information of data arrangements in data areas 21-24.

As shown in FIG. 26, each of these sector data headers is formed offirst access point 651 and transport packet connection flag 652.

As shown by (b) in FIG. 24, transport packet d is recorded across twosectors. In this case, the last timestamp in these sectors is set to“1”. When the recording of the transport packet is extended to the nextsector, transport packet connection flag 652 is set to “1”.

In the example shown by (b) in FIG. 24, the address in data area 22 atthe leading position of timestamp is recorded (expressed by bit unit) infirst access point 651 of (b) in FIG. 26. Here, the leading position oftimestamp appears next to the latter sector of transport packet d whichis recorded across former and latter sectors.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a value larger thanthe size of data areas 21-24 can be used as the value of first accesspoint 651. By so doing, it is possible to specify the leading positionof timestamp of a large packet which has a size larger than the sectorsize.

For instance, in the data structure of (d) in FIG. 24, assume that onepacket is recorded across sector No. 0 and sector No. 1, that thetimestamp of this one packet is recorded at the first position in dataarea 21 of sector No. 0, and that the timestamp of the next packet islocated at the T-th bit position in the data area of sector No. 2.

Under the above assumption, the value of the first access point forsector No. 0 is “0”, the value of the first access point for sector No.1 is “size of data area 22 of sector No. 1 plus T”, and the value of thefirst access point for sector No. 2 is “T”.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, reproduction orplayback will be started basically from the start portion of the streamblock. However, in a rare case, reproduction could be started from theleading portion of an ECC block which belongs to the second orsubsequent one of ECC blocks in the stream block.

As in the case of FIG. 24, if the same transport packet d is recordedacross two sectors (from sector No. 0 to sector No. 1), it is necessaryto know where the next timestamp information is recorded when thereproduction is started from the leading portion of second or anysubsequent ECC block.

For this, special header information (cf. the sector data header asshown by (a) in FIG. 26) is arranged at the leading portion of eachsector. By recording the first access point 651 in the special headerinformation, it is possible to easily start the reproduction from theleading portion of the second or any subsequent ECC block in the streamblock.

SOB (stream object) is stream data which belongs to an original PGC(program chain). The data structure of SOB complies with Program Streamprescribed in “Information Technology-Generic coding of moving picturesand associated audio: Systems (ISO/IEC 13818-1)”. A SOB is formed ofonly one type of data, that is stream data.

SOB data structure is defined as a sequence of Stream Packs, which havea fixed size of 2048 bytes. This is the same size as the Logical Blocksize of the DVD disc family, and every Stream Pack shall be recorded ina Logical Block.

FIG. 27 describes constraints on MPEG specifications for SOB.

More specifically, (1) a system header shall not be included in SOB; (2)a SCR (System Clock Reference) value in the first pack of SOB may haveany value; (3) an MPEG_program_end_code shall not be included in SOB;and (4) a stream_id shall be equal to BFh (private_stream_(—)2) in allPES packets.

Navigation data is provided to control the recording, playing back (orreproducing), and editing of any bitstreams. In DVD Stream Recording,navigation data is called “Streamer Information (STRI)”.

FIG. 28 shows the structure of navigation data (corresponding to controlinformation 25 in FIG. 9) contained in DVD streamer information (STRI).As shown in FIG. 28, streamer information STRI is constituted by thefollowing information.

That is, STRI is constituted by (1) Streamer Video Manager (STR_VMGI);(2) Stream File Information Table (SFIT); (3) Original PGC Information(ORG_PGCI); (4) User Defined PGC information Table (UD_PGCIT); (5) TextData Manager (TXTDT_MG); and (6) Application Private Data Manager(APDT_MG).

STR_VMGI, SFIT, ORG_PGCI, UD_PGCIT, and TXTDT_MG of FIG. 28 are recordedin a file named “SR_MANGR.IFO” in this order.

On the other hand, APDT_MG of FIG. 28 is recorded in another file named“SR_ADATA.DAT”.

Stuffing coded as “00h” may or may not be inserted between tables ofabove (1)-(6) unless the size of STRI exceeds 512 kB, but no stuffingshall be inserted within a table of above (1)-(6)

Incidentally, most of information described in SR_MANGER.IFO is supposedto be kept in the system memory of streamer instruments (e.g., FIG. 14).

Streamer Video Manager Information STR_VMGI of FIG. 28 is formed ofVideo Manager Information Management Table (VMGI_MAT) and Play ListSearch Pointer Table (PL_SRPT).

FIG. 29 shows the structure of Stream File Information SFIT shown inFIG. 28.

Stream File Information SFIT contains all navigation data which aredirectly relevant to the Streamer operation. As shown, SFIT is formed ofone instance of Stream File Information Table Information (SFITI), zeroor more instances of Stream Object Stream Information (SOB_STI), andzero or one instance of Stream File Information (SFI).

Stream File Information Table Information SFITI includes SFI_Nsindicating the number of stream files; SOB_STI_Ns indicating the numberof SOB stream information items; SFIT_EA indicating the end address ofSFIT; and SFI_SA indicating the start address of SFI.

FIG. 30 shows the structure of Stream File Information SFI shown in FIG.29.

As shown, Stream File Information SFI is formed of (1) Stream FileGeneral Information (SF_GI); (2) one or more (n pieces) SOB InformationSearch Pointers (SOBI_SRP#n); and (3) one or more (n pieces) SOBInformation (SOBI#n).

FIG. 31 shows the contents of Stream File General Information SF_GIshown in FIG. 30.

Stream File General Information SF_GI includes SOBI_Ns indicating thenumber of SOBIs; SOBU_SIZ indicating the size of SOBU by the number ofsectors per SOBU; and MTU_SHFT indicating a mapping time unit shift.

SOBU_SIZ describes the size in sectors of the SOBU, and is defined asthe fixed value 32. This means that in each mapping list the first entryrelates to the application packets contained in the first 32 sectors ofthe SOB, the second entry relates to the application packets containedin the next 32 sectors, and so on.

The mapping time unit shift MTU_SHFT describes the weight of the LSB(least significant bit) of the mapping list entries, relative to thebits of the PAT describing format. This MTU_SHFT shall be described as18.

FIG. 32 shows the structure of Stream Object Information (SOBI#) shownin FIG. 30.

As shown, each Stream Object Information SOBI is formed of (1) StreamObject Information General Information (SOBI_GI); (2) Mapping List(MAPL); and (3) (optional) Access Unit Data (AUD).

FIG. 33 shows the contents of Stream Object Information GeneralInformation SOBI_GI shown in FIG. 32.

As shown in FIG. 33, Stream Object Information General InformationSOBI_GI includes (1) SOB_TY indicating the type of SOB; (2) SOB_REC_TMindicating the recording time of SOB; (3) SOB_STI_N indicating thestream information number of SOB; (4) AUD_FLAGS indicating the flags ofAccess Unit Data (AUD); (5) SOB_S_APAT indicating the start APAT(Application Packet Arrival Time) of SOB; (6) SOB_E_APAT indicating theend APAT of SOB; (7) SOB_S_SOBU indicating the first SOBU of the SOB;and (8) MAPL_ENT_Ns indicating the number of Mapping List entries.

SOB_TY describes the Stream Object Type, containing bits for TemporalErase state and for Copy Generation Management System.

SOB_REC_TM describes the recording time of the associated Stream Objectin DVD Stream Recording's Date and Time Describing Format.

SOB_STI_N describes the index of the SOB_STI which is valid for thisSOB.

AUD_FLAGS describes whether and what kind of Access Unit Data (AUD)exists for this SOB. If AUD exists, then AUD_FLAGS also describesseveral properties of the AUD.

The AUD itself is constituted by some general information including thetable AUSM and the optional tables AUEM and PTSL (Presentation TimeStamp List; cf. FIG. 34).

SOB_S_APAT describes the start Application Packet Arrival Time of theStream Object, i.e., the packet arrival time of the first packetbelonging to the SOB. SOB_S_APAT is described in DVD Stream Recording'sPAT Describing Format.

PATs (Packet Arrival Times) are divided into two parts, namely a basepart and an extension part. The base part holds the so-called 90 kHzunit value, and the extension part holds the less significant valuemeasured in 27 MHz.

SOB_E_APAT describes the end Application Packet Arrival Time of theStream Object, i.e., the packet arrival time of the last packetbelonging to the SOB, in DVD Stream Recording's PAT Describing Format.

SOB_S_SOBU describes the number of the start Stream Object Unit, i.e.,the Stream Object Unit containing the first Application Packet of theStream Object.

MAPL_ENT_Ns describes the number of Mapping List entries to follow afterSOBI_GI.

FIG. 34 shows the structure of Access Unit Data AUD shown in FIG. 32.

Access Unit Data AUD (optional), if any, is formed of (1) Access UnitGeneral Information (AU_GI); (2) Access Unit End Map (AUEM); and (3)Presentation Time Stamp List (PTSL). Which of these parts exist may beindicated by AUD_FLAGS of SOBI_GI.

AU_GI only exists, when AUD_FLAGS of SOBI_GI indicates that Access UnitData exists.

FIG. 35 shows the contents of Access Unit General Information AU_GIshown in FIG. 34.

Access Unit General Information AU_GI includes AU_Ns indicating thenumber of Access Units, and AUSM indicating Access Unit Start Map(MAPL_ENT_Ns elements).

AU_Ns describes the number of Access Units for SOB. At the same time,AU_Ns describes the number of locations of Access Units, where AUSMindicates the existence of an Access Unit.

The Access Unit Start Map (AUSM) indicates which of SOBUs of the SOBcontain Access Units. For each SOBU of the SOB, exactly one AUSM elementexists. So, the AUSM is formed of MAPL_EN_TNs elements.

Each AUSM element indicates an accessible Access Unit beginningsomewhere within the corresponding SOBU, or within the subsequent SOBU.Exactly AU_Ns Access Units are indicated by the AUSM, equivalent toexactly AU_Ns bits of AUSM being equal to 1b (binary bit “1”).

AUSM shall be byte aligned. If the concatenated AUSM elements are formedof a number of bits which is not an integer multiple of 8, then theremaining LSBs (least significant bits) of the last byte of the AUSMshall be padded with 0b (binary bit “0”).

FIG. 36 illustrates an example of correspondence between Access UnitStart Map AUSM (cf. FIGS. 8 and 10) and stream object units SOBUs (cf.FIGS. 2, 4, and 11).

As will be seen from the illustration, each portion of bit “1” in AUSMindicates that the corresponding SOBU contains Access Unit (AU#).

Assume that AUSM_pos(i) is the bit position of the i-th set bit in AUSM(i≦i≦AU_Ns). Under this assumption, the location of the AU can bedefined as follows:

(1) If SOBU#i, indicated by AUSM_pos(i), contains more than one startingAU described by AU_START and AU_END marks (if any) inside the stream,then AUSM_pos(i) is assigned to the first AU starting in SOBU#i which islocated inside the SOBUs described by AUSM_pos(i) and (if AUEM exists)AUEM_pos(i).

(2) An AU ends with the first occurring AU_END mark after the start ofthis AU, and an AU ends with the last SOBU indicated by the assignedAUEM element (if AUEM exists).

Note that with this kind of Access Unit Data, no more than oneaddressable Access Unit can be described per each SOBU of the SOB.

FIG. 37 illustrates an example of correspondence between Access UnitStart Map AUSM (cf. FIGS. 8 and 10) with Access Unit End Map AUEM (cf.FIGS. 8 and 10) and stream object units SOBUs (cf. FIGS. 2, 4, and 11).

AUEM, if exists, is a bit array of the same length as AUSM. The bits inAUEM indicate which of the SOBUs contain the end of the bitstreamsegment associated with the Access Units of the SOB.

The number of bits set in AUEM shall be equal to the number of bits setin AUSM, i.e., each set bit in AUSM has its corresponding set bit inAUEM.

Assume that AUSM_pos(i) is the bit position of the i-th set bit in AUSM(i≦i≦AU_Ns), and that AUEM_pos(i) is the bit position of the i-th setbit in AUEM (i≦i≦AU_Ns). Under this assumption, the following conditionsare obtained:

(1) 1≦AUSM_pos(i)≦AUEM_pos(i)≦MAPL_ENT_Ns;

(2) AUSM_pos(i+1)>AUEM_pos(i);

(3) If i==AU_Ns, or if AUSM_pos(i+1)>1+AUEM_pos(i), then AU#i ends inSOBU#[AUEM_pos(i)], where 1≦i≦AU_Ns;

(4) If AUSM_pos(i+1)==1+AUEM_pos(i), then the AU#i ends inSOBU#[AUEM_pos(i)], or ends inSOBU#[1+AUEM_pos(i)]==SOBU#[AUSM_pos(i+1)]. Thus, AU#i may end in theSOBU in which AU#i+1 starts (1≦i≦AU_Ns).

FIG. 38 shows the structure of one stream pack (corresponding to TS packshown in FIGS. 2-4).

As shown, one stream pack (2048 bytes) is formed of a pack header (14bytes) and a stream PES packet (2034 bytes).

The pack header of the stream pack has 14-byte size. The first 4 bytes(000001BAh) of the pack header record a pack start code. Next 6 bytes ofthe pack header are defined by a provider and they record the base ofsystem clock reference (SCR_base; total 32 bits), marker bits, and theextension of system clock reference (SCR_extension; 9 bits). Thesubsequent 3 bytes (0189C3h) of the pack header record aprogram-multiplex rate (program_mux_rate; 22 bits) and marker bits. Thelast 1 byte (F8h) of the pack header records a pack stuffing length(pack_stuffing_length; 3 bits) and has reserved area (5 bits).

Note that the 32nd bit of the SCR_base[32] shall be set to zero and the“program_mux_rate” shall be set to 10.08 Mbps.

In stream recording, the application performs its own stuffing, so thatthe pack length adjustment methods of DVD-ROM Video or DVD-VR need notbe used. In stream recording, it is safe to assume that the streampackets will always have the necessary length.

The stream PES packet of the stream pack has the following datastructure.

FIG. 39 shows the structure of stream data area in the stream PES packetshown in FIG. 38.

As shown, one stream PES packet (2034 bytes) is formed of a PES header(6 bytes), a substream ID (1 byte), and a stream data area (2027 bytes).

The first 3 bytes (000001h) of the PES packet header of stream PESpacket record a prefix of packet start code (packet_start_code_prefix;24 bits). The next 1 byte records a stream ID (stream_id=10111111b; 8bits). The subsequent 2 bytes (07ECh) record a length of PES packet(PES_packet_length). The last 1 byte records a substream ID(sub_stream_id=00000010b; 8 bits).

The stream data area (2027 bytes) inside a stream packet shown in FIG.39 is formed of an application header (9 bytes), an optional applicationheader extension, an optional stuffing byte, and an application packetarea.

The application packet area of FIG. 39 is filled with a sequence of oneor more application packets each prefixed by an application timestamp(corresponding to ATS in FIG. 3 or FIG. 24).

The application packet area may have a configuration similar to (b) inFIG. 3 (the “TS” packet of FIG. 3 is replaced with the applicationpacket of FIG. 39). More specifically, a partial application packet maybe recorded at the start of the application packet area. After thepartial application packet, a plurality of pairs of applicationtimestamps (ATSs) and application packets are sequentially recorded. Atthe end of the application packet area, a partial application packet maybe recorded.

In other words, at the start of the application packet area, there mayexist, in general case, a partial application packet. At the end of theapplication packet area, there may exist, in general case, anotherpartial application packet or a stuffing area of “reserved” bytes.

The application timestamp (ATS) in front of each application packet hasa 32-bit value. An ATS is divided into two parts, namely a base part andan extension part. The base part holds the so-called 90 kHz unit value,and the extension part holds the less significant value measured in 27MHz.

In FIG. 39, the application header extension is used to storeinformation that can differ from application packet to applicationpacket. This kind of information may not be required for all kinds ofapplications.

Therefore, a data field in the application header is defined to describethe presence of the optional application header extension in the streamdata area.

At stream recording, the first byte of the application timestamp ATS ofthe first application packet shall be aligned to the start of theapplication packet area in the first stream packet at the beginning of astream object SOB.

Any following stream packets in a SOB may split (or divide) applicationpackets across stream packet boundaries. The partial application packetsshown in FIG. 39 are examples of the resultant split (or divided)application packets.

The byte offset of the first application timestamp that starts in astream packet, as well as the number of application packets starting inthe stream packet, shall be described in its application header (cf.FIG. 40).

This mechanism automatically allows for stuffing in front of the firstapplication timestamp and after the last application packet in a streampacket.

The above automatic mechanism corresponds to “the application performsits own stuffing” described in the explanation of FIG. 38. By means ofsuch automatic stuffing, the stream packet can always have a necessarylength.

The optional application header extension is formed of a list ofentries, where there is exactly one entry of 1 byte length for eachapplication packet which starts in the stream packet. These bytes of theentries are used to store information that may differ from applicationpacket to application packet.

In the optional application header extension (1 byte), AU_START (1 bit),AU_END (1 bit), and COPYRIGHT (2 bits) are described.

When AU_START is set to “1”, this indicates that the associatedapplication packet contains a random access entry point (start of arandom access unit) in the stream.

When AU_END is set to “1”, this indicates that the associatedapplication packet is the last packet of a random access unit.

COPYRIGHT describes the copyright status of the associated applicationpacket.

FIG. 40 shows the contents of the application header at the start of thestream data area shown in FIG. 39.

The application header contains 1-byte VERSION (01h); 1-byte AP_Ns;2-byte FIRST_AP_OFFSET; 2-bit EXTENSION_HEADER_INFO (00b, 10b, or 11b);1-bit reserved for CCI_ESC; 5-bit reserved area; 2-byte SERVICE_ID;1-byte MAX_BR_LOG 2; and 1-byte SMO_BS_LOG 2.

The VERSION describes the version number of the application headerformat.

The AP_Ns describes the number of application packets which are startingin the stream packet. An application packet is considered to be startingin a stream packet, if the first byte of its application timestamp isstored in that stream packet.

The FIRST_AP_OFFSET describes the position of the timestamp of the firstapplication packet, which starts in the stream packet, relative to thefirst byte of the stream pack, in bytes. If no application packet startsin the stream packet, FIRST_AP_OFFSET shall be set to “0”.

The EXTENSION_HEADER_INFO describes whether an application headerextension and/or a stuffing byte exist in the stream pack.

When EXTENSION_HEADER_INFO=00b, no application header extension followsthis application header and no stuffing byte exists.

When EXTENSION_HEADER_INFO=10b, an application header extension followsthis application header but no stuffing byte exists.

When EXTENSION_HEADER_INFO=11b, an application header extension followsthis application header and a stuffing byte exists after the applicationheader extension as well.

Here, EXTENSION_HEADER_INFO=01b is prohibited. The optional stuffingbyte in front of the application packet area can be activated(EXTENSION_HEADER_INFO=11b) to avoid a “packing paradox”, where acontradiction exists between the number of bytes in the applicationheader extension and the number of application packets which can bestored in the application packet area.

The SERVICE_ID describes an ID for the service that generated thestream. If the service is unknown, 0x0000 shall be described.

The MAX_BR_LOG 2 describes the binary logarithm of the output bitrateparameter of the leaky bucket flow control model.

The SMO_BS_LOG 2 describes the binary logarithm of the buffer sizeparameter of the leaky bucket flow control model.

To restate, according to the present invention, AUSM, AUEM and/orsupport information can be recorded and, hence, user friendly datamanagement can be achieved.

Additional advantages and modifications will readily occur to thoseskilled in the art. Therefore, the invention in its broader aspects isnot limited to the specific details and representative embodiments shownand described herein. Accordingly, various modifications may be madewithout departing from the spirit or scope of the general inventiveconcept as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A non-transitory information medium configured tohave data recorded thereon and data reproduced therefrom by aninformation reproducing apparatus, the data including managementinformation and stream data including picture information andtransported by a transport stream, the non-transitory information mediumcomprising: a data area configured to store a stream data using at leastone stream pack including an application header and application packetarea, the stream data containing reference picture informationcorresponding to a picture, a management area configured to store themanagement information, a first data unit being denoted by a data packetrepresenting a transport packet or an application packet, the datapacket corresponding to the stream data, a second data unit is denotedby a data unit representing a stream block or a stream object unit, anda third data unit being denoted by object data representing a streamobject, wherein the application header includes information describingwhether stuffing information exists in the stream data, the stream datadepends on a system layer, the management information containsinformation related to a position of the reference picture information;and the management information is read and used to reproduce the pictureinformation by the reproducing apparatus.
 2. A method of recordinginformation on a non-transitory information medium configured to havedata recorded thereon and data reproduced therefrom by an informationreproducing apparatus, the data including management information andstream data including picture information and transported by a transportstream, the non-transitory information medium including, a data areaconfigured to store a stream data using at least one stream packet, amanagement area configured to store the management information, a firstdata unit being denoted by a data packet representing a transport packetor an application packet, the data packet corresponding to the streamdata, a second data unit being denoted by a data unit representing astream block or a stream object unit, and a third data unit beingdenoted by object data representing a stream object, wherein theapplication header includes information describing whether stuffinginformation exists in the stream data, the stream data depends on asystem layer, the management information contains information related toa position of the reference picture information; and the managementinformation is read and used to reproduce the picture information by thereproducing apparatus.
 3. A method of reproducing information from anon-transitory information medium configured to have data recordedthereon and data reproduced therefrom, the data including managementinformation and a stream data including picture information andtransported by a transport stream, the non-transitory information mediumincluding, a data area configured to store a stream data using at leastone stream pack including an application header and application packetarea, the stream data containing reference picture informationcorresponding to a picture, a management area configured to store themanagement information, a first data unit being denoted by a data packetrepresenting a transport packet or an application packet, the datapacket corresponding to the stream data, a second data unit beingdenoted by a data unit representing a stream block or a stream objectunit, and a third data unit being denoted by object data representing astream object, wherein the application header includes informationdescribing whether stuffing information exists in the stream data, thestream data depends on a system layer, and the management informationcontains information related to a position of the reference pictureinformation, the method comprising: reading the management information;and reproducing the picture information using the management informationwhich has been read.
 4. An apparatus for recording information on anon-transitory information medium configured to have data recordedthereon and data reproduced therefrom, the data including managementinformation and stream data including picture information andtransported by a transport stream, the non-transitory information mediumincluding, a data area configured to store a stream data using at leastone stream pack including an application header and application packetarea, the stream data containing reference picture informationcorresponding to a picture, a management area configured to store themanagement information, a first data unit being denoted by a data packetrepresenting a transport packet or an application packet, the datapacket corresponding to the stream data, a second data unit beingdenoted by a data unit representing a stream block or a stream objectunit, and a third data unit being denoted by object data representing astream object, wherein the application header includes informationdescribing whether stuffing information exists in the stream data, thestream data depends on a system layer, and the management informationcontains information related to a position of the reference pictureinformation, the apparatus comprises: a recorder to record themanagement information and stream data including the picture informationon the non-transitory information recording medium.
 5. An apparatus forreproducing information from a non-transitory information mediumconfigured to have data recorded thereon and data reproduced therefrom,the data including management information and stream data includingpicture information and transported by a transport stream, thenon-transitory information medium including, a data area configured tostore a stream data using at least one stream pack including anapplication header and application packet area, the stream datacontaining reference picture information corresponding to a picture, amanagement area configured to store the management information, a firstdata unit being denoted by a data packet representing a transport packetor an application packet, the data packet corresponding to the streamdata, a second data unit being denoted by a data unit representing astream block or a stream object unit, and a third data unit beingdenoted by object data representing a stream object, wherein theapplication header includes information describing whether stuffinginformation exists in the stream data, the stream data depends on asystem layer, and the management information contains informationrelated to a position of the reference picture information, theapparatus comprises: a reader to read the management information andread and reproduce the picture information in accordance with themanagement information.